Adolphe, J.L., et al., Health effects with consumption of the flax lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. The British journal of nutrition, 2010. 103(7): p. 929-38.
Angerer P, von Schacky C. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the cardiovascular system. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2000;11(1):57-63.
Arjmandi BH, Khan DA, Shanil Juma, Drum ML, Sreevidya Venkatesh, Sohn E, et al. Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res. 1998;18(7):1203-14.
Arnold LE, Kleykamp D, Votolato N, Gibson RA, Horrocks L. Potential link between dietary intake of fatty acid and behavior: pilot exploration of serum lipids in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1994;4(3):171-182.
Bergman Jungestrom, M., L.U. Thompson, and C. Dabrosin, Flaxseed and its lignans inhibit estradiol-induced growth, angiogenesis, and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer xenografts in vivo. Clinical cancer research: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2007. 13(3): p. 1061-7.
Berquin, I.M., I.J. Edwards, and Y.Q. Chen, Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by omega-3 fatty acids. Cancer letters, 2008. 269(2): p. 363-77.
Bloedon LT, Balikai S, Chittams J, Cunnane SC, Berlin JA, Rader DJ, et al. Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: Results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008;27(1):65-74.
Boelsma E, Hendriks HF. Roza L. Nutritional skin care: health effects of micronutrients and fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(5):853-864.
Bommareddy A, Arasada BL, Mathees DP, Dwivedi C. Chemopreventive effects of dietary flaxseed on colon tumor development. Nutr Cancer. 2006;54(2):216-22.
Bommareddy, A., et al., Effects of dietary flaxseed on intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc(Min) mouse. Nutrition and cancer, 2009. 61(2): p. 276-83.
Bruinsma KA, Taren DL. Dieting, essential fatty acid intake, and depression. Nutrition Rev. 2000;58(4):98-108.
Caligiuri SP, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an a-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension. 2014;64(1):53-9.
Carayol, M., P. Grosclaude, and C. Delpierre, Prospective studies of dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2010. 21(3): p. 347-55.
Caron MF, White CM. Evaluation of the antihyperlipidemic properties of dietary supplements. Pharmacotherapy. 2001;21(4):481-487.
Cellini M, Caramazzu N, Mangiafico P, Possati GL, Caramazza R. Fatty acid use in glaucomatous optic neuropathy treatment. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl. 1998;227:41-42.
Chen, J., et al., Dietary flaxseed interaction with tamoxifen induced tumor regression in athymic mice with MCF-7 xenografts by downregulating the expression of estrogen related gene products and signal transduction pathways. Nutrition and cancer, 2007. 58(2): p. 162-70.
Chen, J., et al., Flaxseed alone or in combination with tamoxifen inhibits MCF-7 breast tumor growth in ovariectomized athymic mice with high circulating levels of estrogen. Experimental biology and medicine, 2007. 232(8): p. 1071-80.
Cho E, Hung S, Willet WC, Spiegelman D, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;73(2):209-218.
Clark WF, Kortas C, Heidenheim AP, Garland J, Spanner E, Parbtani A. Flaxseed in lupus nephritis: a two–year nonplacebo-controlled crossover study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(2 Suppl):143-148.
Cunnane SC, Hamadeh MJ, Liede AC, Thompson LU, Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ. Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61(1):62-8.
Cunnane SC, Ganculi S, Menard C, Liede AC, Hamadeh MJ, Chen ZY, Wolever T. High alpha-linolenic and flaxseed: some nutritional aspects in humans. Be J Nutr 1993;69:443-453.
Curtis CL, Hughes CE, Flannery CR, Little CB, Harwood JL, Caterson B. N-3 fatty acids specifically modulate catabolic factors involved in articular cartilage degradation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(2):721-724.
Dahl WJ, Lockert EA, Cammer AL, Whiting SJ. Effects of flax fiber on laxation and glycemic response in healthy volunteers. J Med Food. 2005;8(4):508-11.
de Logeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99(6):779-785.
Demark-Wahnefried W, Price DT, Polascik TJ, et al. Pilot study of dietary fat restriction and flaxseed supplementation in men with prostate cancer before surgery: exploring the effects on hormonal levels, prostate-specific antigen, and histopathologic features. Urology. 2001;58(1):47-52.
Demark-Wahnefried, W., et al., Flaxseed supplementation (not dietary fat restriction) reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2008. 17(12): p. 3577-87.
Deutch B. Menstrual pain in Danish women correlated with low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995;49(7):508-516.
Dew TP, Williamson G. Controlled flax interventions for the improvement of menopausal symptoms and postmenopausal bone health: a systematic review. Menopause. 2013;20(11):1207-15.
Dodin S et al. Flaxseed on cardiovascular disease markers in healthy menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition. 2008;24(1):23-30.
Dodin S, Lemay A, Jacques H, Legare F, Forest JC, Masse B. The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, wheat germ placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(3):1390-7.
Dodin S, Lemay A, Jacques H, Legare F, Forest JC, Masse B. The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, wheat germ placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(3):1390-7.
Edwards R, Peet M, Shay J, Horrobin D. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in the diet and in red blood cell membranes of depressed patients. J Affect Disord. 1998;48(2-3):149-155.
Freeman VL, Meydani M, Yong S, Pyle J, Flanigan RC, Waters WB, Wojcik EM. Prostatic levels of fatty acids and the histopathology of localized prostate cancer. J Urol. 2000;164(6):2168-2172.
Frieri G, Pimpo MT, Palombieri A, Melideo D, Marcheggiano A, Caprilli R, et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary supplementation: an adjuvant approach to treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Nut Res. 2000;20(7):907-916.
Ganorkar, P. M. and Jain, R. K. Flaxseed – a nutritional punch. International Food Research Journal 20(2): 519-525 (2013)
Geerling BJ, Badart-Smook A, van Deursen C, van Houwelingen AC, Russel MG, Stockbrugger RW, et al. Nutritional supplementation with N-3 fatty acids and antioxidants in patients iwth Crohn’s disease in remission: effects on antioxidant status and fatty acid profile. IBD. 2000;6(2):77-84.
GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Lancet. 1999;354:447-455.
Griel AE, Kris-Etherton PM, Hilpert KF, Zhao G, West SG, Corwin RL. An increase in dietary n-3 fatty acids decreases a marker of bone resorption in humans. Nutr J. 2007;6(1):2 [Epub ahead of print].
Haggans CJ, Hutchins AM, Olson BA, Thomas W, Martini MC, Slavin JL. Effect of flaxseed consumption on urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. Nutr Canc. 1999;33(2):188-195.
Haggans, C.J., et al., Effect of flaxseed consumption on urinary estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. Nutrition and cancer, 1999. 33(2): p. 188-95.
Haggans, C.J., et al., The effect of flaxseed and wheat bran consumption on urinary estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2000. 9(7): p. 719-25.
Hall C 3rd, Tulbek MC, Xu Y. Flaxseed. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2006;51:1-97.
Hallund J, Tetens I, Bugel S, Tholstrup T, Ferrari M, Teerlink T, Kjaer A, Wiinberg N. Daily consumption for six weeks of a lignan complex isolated from flaxseed does not affect endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2006;136(9):2314-8.
Harper CR, Edwards MJ, DeFilipis AP, Jacobson TA. Flaxseed oil increases the plasma concentrations of cardioprotective (n-3) fatty acids in humans. J Nutr. 2006;136(1):83-7.
Harper, C.R., et al., Flaxseed oil increases the plasma concentrations of cardioprotective (n-3) fatty acids in humans. The Journal of nutrition, 2006. 136(1): p. 83-7.
Harris WS. N-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(5):1645S (10).
Hibbeln JR, Salem N, Jr. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does not satisfy. Am J Clin Nut. 1995;62(1):1-9.
Holman RT, Adams CE, Nelson RA, Grater SJ, Jaskiewicz JA, Johnson SB, et al. Patients with anorexia nervosa demonstrate deficiencies of selected essential fatty acids, compensatory changes in nonessential fatty acids and decreased fluidity of plasma lipids. J Nutr. 1995;125:901-907.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE et al. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:890-897.
Hutchins AM, Martini MC, Olson BA, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Flaxseed consumption influences endogenous hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutr Cancer. 2001;39(1):58-65.
Jenab M, Thompson LU. The influence of flaxseed and lignans on colon carcinogenesis and ß-glucuronidase activity. Carcinogenesis. 1996;17(6):1343-1348.
Jenab, M. and L.U. Thompson, The influence of flaxseed and lignans on colon carcinogenesis and beta-glucuronidase activity. Carcinogenesis, 1996. 17(6): p. 1343-8.
Jenkins DG, Kendall CW, Vidgren E, Agarwall S, Rao AV, Rosenberg RS, Diamandis EP, Novokmet R, Mehling CC, Perera T, Griffin LC, Cunnane SC. Health aspecs of partially defatted flaxseed, including effects on serum lipids, oxidative measure and ex vivo androgen progestin activity: a controlled cross-over trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:395-402.
Klurfeld DM, Bull AW. Fatty acids and colon cancer in experimental models. Am J Clin Nut. 1997;66(6 Suppl):1530S-1538S.
Kremer JM. N-3 fatty acid supplements in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;(suppl 1):349S-351S.
Kris-Etherton P, Eckel RH, Howard BV, St. Jeor S, Bazzare TL. AHA Science Advisory: Lyon Diet Heart Study. Benefits of a Mediterranean-style, National Cholesterol Education Program/American Heart Association Step I Dietary Pattern on Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation. 2001;103:1823.
Kurzer MS, Xu X. Dietary phytoestrogens. Ann Rev Nutr. 1997;17:353-381.
Laugharne JD, Mellor JE, Peet M. Fatty acids and schizophrenia. Lipids. 1996;31(Suppl):S-163-165.
Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Michaud DS, Augustsson K, Colditz GC, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(1):204-16.
Lewis JE, Nickell LA, Thompson LU, Szalai JP, Kiss A, Hilditch JR. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary soy and flaxseed muffins on quality of life and hot flashes during menopause. Menopause. 2006;13(4):631-42.
Lin, X., et al., Effect of flaxseed supplementation on prostatic carcinoma in transgenic mice. Urology, 2002. 60(5): p. 919-24.
Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Hanioka T, Folkers K. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in ‘high risk’ patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med. 1994;15Suppl:s231-s240.
Lorenz-Meyer H, Bauer P, Nicolay C, Schulz B, Purrmann J, Fleig WE, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and low carbohydrate diet for maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Study Group Members (German Crohn’s Disease Study Group). Scan J Gastroenterol. 1996;31(8):778-785.
Lowcock EC, Cotterchio M, Boucher BA. Consumption of flaxseed, a rich source of lignans, is associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control. 2013 Apr;24(4):813-6. doi: 10.1007/s10552-013-0155-7. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, et al. Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(4):1527-32.
Lucas EA, Wild RD, Hammond LJ, Khalil DA, Juma S, Daggy BP, Stoecker BJ, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed improves lipid profile without altering biomarkers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(4):1527-32.
Mandasescu S, Mocanu V, Dascalita AM, Haliga R, Nestian I, Stitt PA, Luca V. Flaxseed supplementation in hyperlipidemic patients. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2005;109(3):502-6.
Mason, J.K., J. Chen, and L.U. Thompson, Flaxseed oil-trastuzumab interaction in breast cancer. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2010. 48(8-9): p. 2223-6.
McCann, S.E., et al., Changes in 2-hydroxyestrone and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone metabolism with flaxseed consumption: modification by COMT and CYP1B1 genotype. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2007. 16(2): p. 256-62.
Meydani M. Omega-3 fatty acids alter soluble markers of endothelial function in coronary heart disease patients. Nutr Rev. 2000;58(2 pt 1):56-59.
Moyad M. Soy, disease prevention, and prostate cancer. Sem Urol Oncol. 1999;17(2):97-102.
Mozaffarian D. Does alpha-linolenic acid intake reduce the risk of coronary heart disease? A review of the evidence.Altern Ther Health Med. 2005;11(3):24-30; quiz 31, 79.
Mohammadi-Sartang M, Sohrabi Z, Barati-Boldaji R, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Mazloom Z. Flaxseed supplementation on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Nutr Rev. 2018 Feb 1;76(2):125-139.
Nagel, J.M., et al., Dietary walnuts inhibit colorectal cancer growth in mice by suppressing angiogenesis. Nutrition, 2011.
Newcomer LM, King IB, Wicklund KG, Stanford JL. The association of fatty acids with prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 2001;47(4):262-268.
Noureddin, Soltanian, Mohsen, Janghorbani. Effect of flaxseed or psyllium vs. placebo on management of constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in constipated patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Volume 29, February 2019, Pages 41-48.
Nowak W, Jeziorek M. The Role of Flaxseed in Improving Human Health. Healthcare 2023.
Patade A, Devareddy L, Lucas EA, Korlagunta K, Daggy BP, Arjmandi BH. Flaxseed reduces total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in native American postmenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008;17(3):355-66.
Peet M, Laugharne JD, Mellor J, et al. Essential fatty acid deficiency in erythrocyte membranes from chronic schizophrenic patients, and the clinical effects of dietary supplementation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1996;55(1-2):71-75.
Prasad K. Dietary flaxseed in prevention of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 1997;132(1):69-76.
Prasad K. Flaxseed and cardiovascular health. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;54(5):369-77. Review.
Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res. 1998;91:105-112.
Pruthi S et al. Pilot evaluation of flaxseed for the management of hot flashes. J Soc Integr Oncol. 2007;5(3):106-12.
Rodriguez-Leyva D, Dupasquier CM, McCullough R, Pierce GN. The cardiovascular effects of flaxseed and its omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid. Can J Cardiol. 2010 Nov;26(9):489-96. Review.
Rodriguez-Leyva D, Weighell W, Edel AL, et al. Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertnsive patients. Hypertension. 2013;62(6):1081-9.
Rose DP, Connolly JM, Coleman M. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the progression of metastases after the surgical excision of human breast cancer cell solid tumors growing in nude mice. Clin Can Res. 1996;2:1751-1756.
Saggar, J.K., et al., Dietary flaxseed lignan or oil combined with tamoxifen treatment affects MCF-7 tumor growth through estrogen receptor- and growth factor-signaling pathways. Molecular nutrition & food research, 2010. 54(3): p. 415-25.
Schwab US, C Callaway J, Erkkila AT, Gynther J, Uusitupa MI, Jarvinen T. Effects of hempseed and flaxseed oils on the profile of serum lipids, serum total and lipoprotein lipid concentrations and haemostatic factors. Eur J Nutr. 006;45(8):470-7.
Schwab U. Omega-3-rasvahapot, Terveyskirjasto https://www.terveyskirjasto.fi/dlk00900 22.4.2020
Seddon JM, Rosner B, Sperduto RD, Yannuzzi L, Haller JA, Blair NP, Willett W. Dietary fat and risk for advanced age-related macular degeneration. Arch Opthalmol. 2001;119(8):1191-1199.
Serraino M, Thompson LY. Flaxseed supplementation and early markers of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 1992;63(2):159-165.
Simbalista RL, Sauerbronn AV, Aldrighi JM, Areas JA. Consumption of a flaxseed-rich food is not more effective than a placebo in alleviating the climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2010;140(2):293-7.
Simon, J.A., Y.H. Chen, and S. Bent, The relation of alpha-linolenic acid to the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2009. 89(5): p. 1558S-1564S.
Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(30 Suppl):560S-569S.
Simopoulos AP. Human requirement for N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poult Sci. 2000;79(7):961-970.
Soyland E, Funk J, Rajka G, Sandberg M, Thune P, Ruistad L, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with very-long chain n-3 fatty acids in patients with psoriasis. NEJM. 1993;328(25):1812-1816.
Stuglin C, Prasad K. Effect of flaxseed consumption on blood pressure, serum lipids, hemopoietic system and liver and kidney enzymes in healthy humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2005;10(1):23-7.
Sturgeon, S.R., et al., Effect of dietary flaxseed on serum levels of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal women. Nutrition and cancer, 2008. 60(5): p. 612-8.
Sturgeon, S.R., et al., Effect of flaxseed consumption on urinary levels of estrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women. Nutrition and cancer, 2010. 62(2): p. 175-80.
Sung MK, Lautens M, Thompson LU. Mammalian lignans inhibit growth of estrogen-independent human colon tumor cells. Anticancer Research. 1998;18(3A):1405-1408.
Tarpila A, Wennberg T, Tarpila S. Flaxseed as a functional food. Current topics in nutraceutical research 2005;3(3):167-188.
Tarpila S, Tarpila A, Gröhn P, Silvennoinen T, Lindberg L. Efficasy of ground flaxseed on constipation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 2004;2:119-125.
Tarpila S, Tarpila A, Gröhn P, Silvennoinen T, Lindberg L. Efficasy of ground flaxseed on constipation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Nutritional Genomics & Functional Foods 2003;1(1).
Tarpila S, Aro A, Salminen I, Tarpila A, Kleemola P, Akkila J, Adlercreutz H. The Effect of flaxseed supplementation in processed foods on serum fatty acids and enterolactone European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2002;56:156-165.
Thompson, L.U., et al., Dietary flaxseed alters tumor biological markers in postmenopausal breast cancer. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2005. 11(10): p. 3828-35.
Ursoniu S., Sahebkar A, Andrica F, Serban C, Banach M. Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group. Effects of flaxseed supplements on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2016 Jun;35(3):615-25.
von Schacky C, Angere P, Kothny W, Theisen K, Mudra H. The effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:554-562.
Voskuil DW, Feskens EJM, Katan MB, Kromhout D. Intake and sources of alpha-linolenic acid in Dutch elderly men. Euro J Clin Nutr. 1996;50(12):784-787.
Wang, L., J. Chen, and L.U. Thompson, The inhibitory effect of flaxseed on the growth and metastasis of estrogen receptor negative human breast cancer xenograftsis attributed to both its lignan and oil components. International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 2005. 116(5): p. 793-8.
Wong HRD, Chahal NMN, N.P., Manlhiot CBS, Niedra EBS, McCrindle BW. Flaxseed in pediatric hyperlipidemia: A placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial of dietary flaxseed supplementation for children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(8):708-13.
Yan L. Dietary flaxseed supplementation and experimental metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. Cancer Letters. 1998;124:181-186.
Zambón D, Sabate J, Munoz S, et al. Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:538-546.
Zhang W, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian H, Flickinger B, Empie MW, Sun SZ. Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentration in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr. 2008;99(6):1301-9.